EU funds for the socio-ecological transition

This research examines the extent to which the European Union’s 2021–2027 Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) has supported eco-social policies – defined as public policies explicitly pursuing both environmental and social policy goals in an integrated manner – across Member States. Through documentary analysis of fund regulations and case studies of Bulgaria and Italy, five major funding instruments are analysed: the Just Transition Fund (JTF), the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+), the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Cohesion Fund.